Vermectin

Therapeutic indications:

The drug is prescribed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses for gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodiasis and arachnoentomosis. The drug is also used:

- for cattle, sheep, goats for osteriagiasis, haemonchosis, trichostrongylosis, trichuriasis, cooperiasis, (trichocephaliasis), dictyocaulosis, thelaziasis, hypodermatosis, edemagenosis, psoroptosis, sarcoptosis, estrosis, and for the control of ixodid ticks; strongyloidiasis, esophagostomiasis, nematodiriasis, bunostomiasis,

- for pigs for ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, esophagostomiasis, trichuriasis (trichocephaliasis), metastrongyliasis, sarcoptosis, and hematopiniasis;

- for horses for parascaridiasis, strongyloidiasis, strongylatosis, oxyuriasis, thelaziasis, onchocerciasis, rhinestrosis, gasterophilosis, sarcoptosis, psoroptosis, and for the control of ixodid ticks.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Macrolide lactones.

Dosage form description

Solution for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. In appearance, the drug is a clear solution from colorless to yellow.

Bottles made of clear or dark glass, 100, 250, and 500 ml.

Composition of the veterinary drug:

1 ml of the drug contains 10 mg of ivermectin as the active substance.

Pharmacological activity:

The active substance Ivermectin, has a broad antiparasitic spectrum of action, destructively affecting the larval and sexually mature stages of nematodes Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp. (including encapsulated larvae), Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Bunostomum spp., Strongyloides spp., Dictyocaulus spp., Thelazia spp., Nematodirus spp., Trichuris (Trichocephalus) spp., Metastrongylus spp., Parafilaria bovicola, Ascaris suum, and others; larvae of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal bots of the genera Hypoderma and Oestrus; biting lice and lice of the genera Bovicola, Haematopinus, Linognathus, Solenopotes; scab mites of the genera Psoroptes and Sarcoptes; ixodid ticks (genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus), and others.

The mechanism of action of ivermectin involves its effect on the current of chloride ions through the membranes of the parasite's nerve and muscle cells. The main targets are glutamate-sensitive chloride channels, as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Changes in chloride ion current disrupt nerve impulse conduction, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite. After administration of the drug, ivermectin is rapidly absorbed from the injection site and penetrates into the animal's organs and tissues, providing long-term antiparasitic action for 10–14 days, and against Dictyocaulus viviparus up to 21 days. Ivermectin is excreted from the body mainly in bile and urine; in lactating animals, partly with milk. The drug at recommended doses does not have mutagenic, teratogenic, and embryotoxic effects. Toxic to fish and bees.

Dosage:

The drug is administered in the following doses:

- for cattle, sheep, goats, horses, a single intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at a dose of 1 ml of the drug per 50 kg of animal body weight, which corresponds to 0.2 mg of ivermectin per 1 kg of animal body weight; for psoroptosis – twice with an interval of 7–10 days;

- for pigs, a single intramuscular injection at a dose of 1 ml of the drug per 33 kg of animal body weight, which corresponds to 0.3 mg of ivermectin per 1 kg of animal body weight; for sarcoptosis – twice with an interval of 10–14 days.

The drug should be administered slowly, after warming to the animal's body temperature. Before mass treatment of animals, each batch of the drug is tested on a small group of animals (7–10 heads) of different ages and degrees of fatness. If there are no signs of side effects from the drug within three days after administration, treatment of the entire herd begins. Against nematodes, the drug is administered to animals before stabling and in the spring before being turned out to pasture, against bot larvae – immediately after the end of the bot fly season, against the causative agents of arachnoentomosis – as indicated.

Contraindications:

Do not administer to animals with increased individual sensitivity to the drug components, as well as to weakened and sick animals.

Overdose:

Animals with increased individual sensitivity to ivermectin may experience excitement, increased salivation, frequent defecation and urination, and ataxia. These symptoms usually resolve spontaneously without therapeutic intervention.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Do not administer the drug to females less than two weeks before farrowing and within two weeks after, as well as to lactating animals.

Special indications:

None.

Side effects and individual intolerance:

Side effects and complications when using the drug in accordance with these instructions are generally not observed.

Interaction with other veterinary medicinal products:

Do not administer the drug simultaneously with other medicinal products containing macrolide lactones.

Withdrawal period:

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 28 days after the last administration of the drug. In case of forced slaughter of animals before the specified period, the meat can be used for feeding carnivorous animals. Do not administer the drug to productive animals whose milk is consumed by humans.

Shelf-life:

3 years from the date of production. The use of the drug after its expiration date is prohibited.

Storage conditions:

In a place protected from light at a temperature from 2 °C to 25 °C. The drug should be stored out of reach of children. After the first opening of the vial – 28 days under storage conditions.